The template.php file contains your sub-theme's functions to manipulate Drupal's default markup. It is one of the most useful files when creating or modifying Drupal themes.
template.php
A- It contains code that is run every time the template engine is run.
B- template.php is a collection of functions that assist in the theming of the site. It’s for all the conditional logic and data processing of the output - the place to redefine or override theme functions, or add variables that will be made available to the theme engine.
C- PHP: This file must start with a PHP opening tag and typically does not end with a PHP closing tag.
D- There will be one template.php file for a theme, and this one file will define any needed variables.
E- You can add new variables and template suggestions.
With template.php you ca do the following things.
1 - Modify any theme hooks variables or add your own variables, using preprocess or process functions.
2 - Override any theme function. That is, replace a module's default theme function with one you write.
3 - Call hook_*_alter() functions which allow you to alter various parts of Drupal's internals, including the render elements in forms. The most useful of which include hook_form_alter(), hook_form_FORM_ID_alter(), and hook_page_alter(). See api.drupal.org for more information about _alter functions.
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